双电层理论与高庙子膨润土的体变特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

叶为民  黄伟  陈宝  郁陈  王驹 《岩土力学》2009,30(7):1899-1903

黏性土中土体颗粒（矿物颗粒）带有负电荷,周围存在电场。在静电引力与布朗运动（热运动）作用下,紧邻土体颗粒表面处静电引力最强,水化离子和极性分子牢牢地被吸附在颗粒表面附近形成固定层。由固定层向外,静电引力逐渐减小,水化离子和极性分子的活动性逐渐增大,形成扩散层。固定层和扩散层中的阳离子（反离子层）与土粒表面负电荷共同构成双电层。根据双电层理论,当给定两个黏土片层之间的距离时,渗透压力可以由两个片层中轴线处的离子浓度来求取。同样,对于给定的渗透压力和中轴线处的离子浓度,便可以确定两个片层之间的距离。采用渗析法吸力控制技术与压汞仪法（MIP）微观结构试验手段,研究了低吸力范围内、自由膨胀条件下高压实高庙子膨润土的土水特性与体变特征,同时采用双电层理论估算了高庙子膨润土水化过程中的自由膨胀量,并将估算值与试验实测值进行了对比分析。在使用孔率计法试验结果求取试样孔隙比时考虑了压汞仪出力能力影响,采用线性延伸方法估算了残余孔隙量。研究结果显示,低吸力范围内,由双电层理论,估算的高压实高庙子膨润土的自由体积膨胀量与试验数据吻合较好,但随着吸力的进一步减小,两者之间的误差有增大的趋势,文中对出现这一偏差的原因进行了分析探讨。  相似文献   

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

王建国  栗连弟  崔晓峰  吴强  聂永安 《地震研究》2009,32(1)

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件是天津市地震局区域前兆中心和台站日常工作核心软件之一.首先分析了软件的层次结构及数据流程,然后从台站应用模块、文件汇集、数据检索、数据入库、文件分级保存、日志管理、数据绘图、数据质量监控、数据库管理维护、数据报表、数据报送共11个方面介绍了软件的功能及特点,并对软件研制采用的关键技术、应用情况予以阐述说明.该软件的应用,提高了工作效率,规范了前兆台网的日常管理工作.  相似文献   

锦45块储层流动单元   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李军辉  卢双舫  柳成志  李笑梅  苏鹤成  杨雨 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(2):190

正确地划分储层流动单元,对预测剩余油分布、调整开发方案、提高采收率都具有重要意义。采用多参数的聚类分析和模糊综合评价相结合的方法进行储层流动单元的划分,在此基础上应用BP网络技术对流动单元进行预测。研究表明,本区储层可以划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ 4类流动单元:其中Ⅰ类是该区储集性能最好的储层流动单元,虽然开发程度较高,大部分井已经关闭,但个别井目前仍具有一定的生产能力;Ⅱ类是该区储集性能较好的储层流动单元,水淹的程度较低,还存有一定的剩余油,是目前油田生产的主要区域;Ⅲ类是该区储集性能较差的流动单元,开发效果一般,动用程度较差,所以是油田进一步挖潜的区域;Ⅳ类是该区储集性能最差的流动单元,原始含油性很差,因此不是剩余油分布的主要区域。对各类流动单元特征进行了精细的分析,为油田综合治理提供了详细的地质依据。  相似文献   

天然气水合物储层地震反射相干分析研究     

李灿苹  李敏锋  刘学伟  赵桂艳 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(1):76-80

以实际水合物存在的美国布莱克海台地震数据为例,利用地震剖面中四个层位(海底层、水合物顶层,水合物层和游离气层)地震数据,通过相干技术研究了四个层位地震波同相轴的连续性。结果表明:在同一层位中,随着时窗宽度的增大,所有时窗相干值的均值都逐渐减小;在相同时窗宽度下,相干程度最好的为海底层,其次为水合物层、水合物顶层及游离气层。由此,通过对比各层位的相干值,可以指示天然气水合物的存在,这为水合物识别及其开采提供了有价值的参考。  相似文献   

西藏帕里湖卫星遥感监测     

王治华  徐起德 《山地学报》2009,27(2)

为查明2004年和2005年夏季在中印边界附近发生的滑坡堰塞湖溃坝灾害,采用高分辨率为主的多时相卫星图像和“数字滑坡”技术对帕里河中段从形成堰寒湖到溃坝的整个过程进行了监测。监测结果表明位于喜马拉雅山脉西段的帕里湖为高原山地萎缩湖盆,滑坡筑坝形成堰塞湖至溃坝可分为4个阶段,估算溃坝前湖面的最大高程、最大面积和最大水繁分别达3907m、1．75km^2和6144×10^4 m^3,2005-06-26溃坝的下泄洪水量为3738×10^4 m^3。预测未来汛期帕里湖下游仍然存在崩塌滑坡活动及短暂堵江形成堰塞湖的可能性,但其规模将大多小于2004-2005年的灾害。在本次遥感监测的基础上,定期进行遥感监测,当帕里湖水面面积≥1．6km^2时,即通知下游作好撤离等避灾准备,是目前最经济有效的预警防灾措施。  相似文献   

Sap-flow measurement and scale transferring from sample trees to entire forest stand of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest in extreme arid region     

JianHua Si  Qi Feng  HaiYang Xi  ZongQiang Chang  YongHong Su  Kai Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(3):0258-0266

Understanding how the transpiration of this vegetation type responds to environmental stress is important for determining the wa-ter-balance dynamics of the riparian ecosystem threatened by groundwater depletion. Transpiration and sap flow were measured using the heat-pulse technique. The results were then projected up to the stand level to investigate the stand’s water-use in relation to climate forcing in the desert riparian forest in an extreme arid region. This study took place from April through October 2003 and from May through October 2004. The experimental site was selected in the Populus euphratica Forest Reserve (101o10’ E, 41o59’ N) in Ejina county, in the lower Heihe River basin, China. The sapwood area was used as a scalar to extrapolate the stand-water consumption from the whole trees’ water consumption measured by the heat-pulse velocity recorder (HPVR). Scale transferring from a series of individual trees to a stand was done according to the existing natural variations between trees under given environmental conditions. The application of the biometric parameters available from individual tree and stand levels was proved suitable for this purpose. A significant correlation between the sapwood area and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was found. The prediction model is well fitted by the power model. On the basis of the prediction model, the sapwood area can be cal-culated by DBH. The sap-flow density can then be used to extrapolate the stand-water use by means of a series of mathematical models.  相似文献   

中核甘肃核技术产业园预选厂址区地应力测量研究     

陈利忠  洪波  张全锋  曾联波  邱君  李冉  代进雄 《地质力学学报》2017,23(3):475-486

为更科学地指导中核甘肃核技术产业园的选址工作,需对预选厂址工程区范围内岩体的地应力状态及分布规律进行分析研究。在预选厂址工程区内对2个450m深的钻孔开展水压致裂原地应力测试,并采用了4种方法进行关闭压力处理来保证主应力值的可靠性和准确性。压裂测试结果表明,工程区内最大水平主应力值6.66~25.91 MPa,最小水平主应力值3.94~15.76 MPa,水平主应力和垂直应力关系为S_HS_hS_v,揭示工程区内水平应力作用占主导,利于逆断层活动。印模测试结果显示最大水平主应力优势方位为NE方向,与区域构造应力场方向基本吻合。基于实测数据计算K_(av)、K_(Hv)、K_(Hh)、μm和τm这5种应力状态特征参数,并利用库伦摩擦滑动准则分析预选厂址区断层活动性,进而综合评价预选厂址区的应力场特征及其对岩体工程稳定性的影响。  相似文献   

Contingent valuation analysis of willingness to pay for beach erosion control through the stabiplage technique: A study in Djerba (Tunisia)     

《Marine Policy》2017

Beach erosion can have major economic implications because of the potential impact on coastal recreation demand – particularly for countries where coastal tourism is one of the main sources of external revenue. Djerba Island (Tunisia) falls in that category. With about 125 km of coastline, Djerba Island is one of the most important Tunisian destinations. However, the island is experiencing coastal erosion problems. The Tunisia government launched a project to fight costal erosion through the Stabiplage technique. This study provides the first economic valuation of beach erosion control in Tunisia and is the first one that focuses on the Stabiplage technique. Specifically, a contingent valuation survey is carried out to elicit the public willingness to pay (WTP) for the project. An interval payment card question format is used to obtain information about WTP from representative samples of residents and tourists in Djerba. The results reveal a positive WTP for the project. Aggregate WTP estimates range from €133,459 (median value) to €5,180,269 (mean value). These values can help inform decisions about whether to undertake the project based on either the benefit-cost ratio rule or majority voting rule.  相似文献   

Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation     

《Marine Policy》2017

To fulfil international conservation commitments, governments have begun to recognise the need for more proactive marine planning policies, advocating sensitive engineering design that can deliver secondary benefits above and beyond the primary purpose of developments. In response, there is growing scientific interest in novel multi-functional coastal defence structures with built-in secondary ecological and/or socio-economic benefits. To ensure research efforts are invested effectively, it is first necessary to determine what secondary benefits can potentially be built-in to engineered coastal defence structures, and further, which of these benefits would be most desirable. It is unlikely that secondary benefits are perceived in the same way across different stakeholder groups. Further, their order of priority when evaluating different options is unlikely to be consistent, since each option will present a suite of compromises and trade-offs. The aim of this study was to investigate stakeholder attitudes towards multi-functional coastal defence developments across different sector groups. A preliminary questionnaire indicated unanimous support for implementing multi-functional structures in place of traditional single-purpose ones. This preliminary survey informed the design of a Delphi-like study, which revealed a more nuanced and caveated level of support from a panel of experts and practitioners. The study also elicited a degree of consensus that the most desirable secondary benefits that could be built-in to developments would be ecological ones – prioritised over social, economic and technical benefits. This paper synthesises these findings, discusses the perceived barriers that remain, and proposes a stepwise approach to effective implementation of multi-functional coastal defence developments.  相似文献   

Research on Bulbous Bow Optimization Based on the Improved PSO Algorithm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Sheng-long  ZHANG Bao-ji  Tahsin TEZDOGAN  XU Le-ping  LAI Yu-yang 《海洋工程》2017,31(4):487-494

In order to reduce the total resistance of a hull, an optimization framework for the bulbous bow optimization was presented. The total resistance in calm water was selected as the objective function, and the overset mesh technique was used for mesh generation. RANS method was used to calculate the total resistance of the hull. In order to improve the efficiency and smoothness of the geometric reconstruction, the arbitrary shape deformation (ASD) technique was introduced to change the shape of the bulbous bow. To improve the global search ability of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm was proposed to set up the optimization model. After a series of optimization analyses, the optimal hull form was found. It can be concluded that the simulation based design framework built in this paper is a promising method for bulbous bow optimization.  相似文献